The Republic of the Gambia is the smallest country located in West Africa. The physical boundaries of Gambia were defined in 1889 after an agreement between France and United Kingdom. The Gambia River flows through the center of the country. Senegal borders Gambia from three sides north, east and south. Gambia has small coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the west. Gambia became free from British rule on February 18, 1965.

A large number of ethnic groups live in the Gambia, each has its own language and tradition. The Mandinka tribe is the largest, followed by the Fula, Wolof, Jola, and Serahule. People of Lebanese origin and Europeans also live here. Muslims constitutes to approximately 90% of population. Christians of different denominations account for most of the remainder. Officially, Gambian people celebrate holidays of both religions. Approximately 63% Gambian population lives in villages (According to 1993 census data), though urban migration is on the rise as people come to urban areas in search of living.

Gambia is a Republic. The president of Gambia is both the head of the state and the head of the government and of a pluriform multiparty system. The government of Gambia exercises executive power; Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The new constitution of Gambia was approved by referendum in 1996, the constitution provides for a strong presidential government, a unicameral legislature, an independent judiciary, and the protection of human rights.

The Republic of The Gambia has market-based economy. For export earnings, Gambia mainly depends on its peanuts. Closeness to sea and port is another factor, which made positive influences on Gambian economy. Agriculture employs approximately three-fourth of Gambian workforce and accounts for nearly 29% of GDP. Peanut production accounts for 6.9% of GDP. Manufacturing activities include soap, soft drinks, and clothing. Gambia has trade ties both import and export with United Kingdom and other European union countries.